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警报

通过少量可用且灵活的警报消息，为典型的用户操作提供上下文反馈消息。

目录

示例

🌐 Examples

警报可用于任何长度的文本，并且可以选择是否显示关闭按钮。为了正确的样式，请使用八个必需的上下文类之一（例如，.alert-success）。对于内联关闭，请使用alerts JavaScript 插件。

🌐 Alerts are available for any length of text, as well as an optional close button. For proper styling, use one of the eight required contextual classes (e.g., .alert-success). For inline dismissal, use the alerts JavaScript plugin.

注意！ 从 v5.3.0 起，alert-variant() Sass mixin 已被弃用。警报变体现在其 CSS 变量在 Sass 循环 中被覆盖。

html 
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
  A simple primary alert—check it out!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-secondary" role="alert">
  A simple secondary alert—check it out!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
  A simple success alert—check it out!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
  A simple danger alert—check it out!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
  A simple warning alert—check it out!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
  A simple info alert—check it out!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-light" role="alert">
  A simple light alert—check it out!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-dark" role="alert">
  A simple dark alert—check it out!
</div>

Accessibility tip: Using color to add meaning only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies like screen readers. Please ensure the meaning is obvious from the content itself (e.g., the visible text with a sufficient color contrast) or is included through alternative means, such as additional text hidden with the .visually-hidden class.

在线示例

🌐 Live example

单击下面的按钮显示警报（以内联样式隐藏以启动），然后使用内置关闭按钮关闭（并销毁）它。

🌐 Click the button below to show an alert (hidden with inline styles to start), then dismiss (and destroy) it with the built-in close button.

html 
<div id="liveAlertPlaceholder"></div>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="liveAlertBtn">Show live alert</button>

我们使用以下 JavaScript 来触发实时警报演示：

🌐 We use the following JavaScript to trigger our live alert demo:

site/src/assets/partials/snippets.js 
const alertPlaceholder = document.getElementById('liveAlertPlaceholder')
const appendAlert = (message, type) => {
  const wrapper = document.createElement('div')
  wrapper.innerHTML = [
    `<div class="alert alert-${type} alert-dismissible" role="alert">`,
    `   <div>${message}</div>`,
    '   <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>',
    '</div>'
  ].join('')

  alertPlaceholder.append(wrapper)
}

const alertTrigger = document.getElementById('liveAlertBtn')
if (alertTrigger) {
  alertTrigger.addEventListener('click', () => {
    appendAlert('Nice, you triggered this alert message!', 'success')
  })
}

链接颜色

🌐 Link color

使用 .alert-link 工具类可以快速在任何警告中提供匹配颜色的链接。

🌐 Use the .alert-link utility class to quickly provide matching colored links within any alert.

html 
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
  A simple primary alert with <a href="#" class="alert-link">an example link</a>. Give it a click if you like.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-secondary" role="alert">
  A simple secondary alert with <a href="#" class="alert-link">an example link</a>. Give it a click if you like.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
  A simple success alert with <a href="#" class="alert-link">an example link</a>. Give it a click if you like.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
  A simple danger alert with <a href="#" class="alert-link">an example link</a>. Give it a click if you like.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
  A simple warning alert with <a href="#" class="alert-link">an example link</a>. Give it a click if you like.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
  A simple info alert with <a href="#" class="alert-link">an example link</a>. Give it a click if you like.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-light" role="alert">
  A simple light alert with <a href="#" class="alert-link">an example link</a>. Give it a click if you like.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-dark" role="alert">
  A simple dark alert with <a href="#" class="alert-link">an example link</a>. Give it a click if you like.
</div>

附加内容

🌐 Additional content

警报还可以包含其他 HTML 元素，例如标题、段落和分隔线。

🌐 Alerts can also contain additional HTML elements like headings, paragraphs and dividers.

html 
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
  <h4 class="alert-heading">Well done!</h4>
  <p>Aww yeah, you successfully read this important alert message. This example text is going to run a bit longer so that you can see how spacing within an alert works with this kind of content.</p>
  <hr>
  <p class="mb-0">Whenever you need to, be sure to use margin utilities to keep things nice and tidy.</p>
</div>

图标

🌐 Icons

同样，你可以使用 flexbox 工具 和 Bootstrap 图标 来创建带图标的提醒。根据你的图标和内容，你可能需要添加更多的工具或自定义样式。

🌐 Similarly, you can use flexbox utilities and Bootstrap Icons to create alerts with icons. Depending on your icons and content, you may want to add more utilities or custom styles.

html 
<div class="alert alert-primary d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" role="img" aria-label="Warning:">
    <path d="M8.982 1.566a1.13 1.13 0 0 0-1.96 0L.165 13.233c-.457.778.091 1.767.98 1.767h13.713c.889 0 1.438-.99.98-1.767L8.982 1.566zM8 5c.535 0 .954.462.9.995l-.35 3.507a.552.552 0 0 1-1.1 0L7.1 5.995A.905.905 0 0 1 8 5zm.002 6a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2z"/>
  </svg>
  <div>
    An example alert with an icon
  </div>
</div>

需要多个图标来表示你的提醒吗？可以考虑使用更多的 Bootstrap 图标，并制作一个本地 SVG 精灵，这样就可以轻松重复引用相同的图标。

🌐 Need more than one icon for your alerts? Consider using more Bootstrap Icons and making a local SVG sprite like so to easily reference the same icons repeatedly.

html 
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="d-none">
  <symbol id="check-circle-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
    <path d="M16 8A8 8 0 1 1 0 8a8 8 0 0 1 16 0zm-3.97-3.03a.75.75 0 0 0-1.08.022L7.477 9.417 5.384 7.323a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06L6.97 11.03a.75.75 0 0 0 1.079-.02l3.992-4.99a.75.75 0 0 0-.01-1.05z"/>
  </symbol>
  <symbol id="info-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
    <path d="M8 16A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16zm.93-9.412-1 4.705c-.07.34.029.533.304.533.194 0 .487-.07.686-.246l-.088.416c-.287.346-.92.598-1.465.598-.703 0-1.002-.422-.808-1.319l.738-3.468c.064-.293.006-.399-.287-.47l-.451-.081.082-.381 2.29-.287zM8 5.5a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2z"/>
  </symbol>
  <symbol id="exclamation-triangle-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
    <path d="M8.982 1.566a1.13 1.13 0 0 0-1.96 0L.165 13.233c-.457.778.091 1.767.98 1.767h13.713c.889 0 1.438-.99.98-1.767L8.982 1.566zM8 5c.535 0 .954.462.9.995l-.35 3.507a.552.552 0 0 1-1.1 0L7.1 5.995A.905.905 0 0 1 8 5zm.002 6a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2z"/>
  </symbol>
</svg>

<div class="alert alert-primary d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
  <svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Info:"><use xlink:href="#info-fill"/></svg>
  <div>
    An example alert with an icon
  </div>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-success d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
  <svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Success:"><use xlink:href="#check-circle-fill"/></svg>
  <div>
    An example success alert with an icon
  </div>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
  <svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Warning:"><use xlink:href="#exclamation-triangle-fill"/></svg>
  <div>
    An example warning alert with an icon
  </div>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
  <svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Danger:"><use xlink:href="#exclamation-triangle-fill"/></svg>
  <div>
    An example danger alert with an icon
  </div>
</div>

退出

🌐 Dismissing

使用 alert JavaScript 插件，可以在行内关闭任何警报。方法如下：

🌐 Using the alert JavaScript plugin, it’s possible to dismiss any alert inline. Here’s how:

  • 请确保你已加载警报插件或已编译的 Bootstrap JavaScript。
  • 添加一个 关闭按钮 和 .alert-dismissible 类，该类会在警告的右侧添加额外的内边距并定位关闭按钮。
  • 在关闭按钮上，添加 data-bs-dismiss="alert" 属性，该属性会触发 JavaScript 功能。确保与它一起使用 <button> 元素，以便在所有设备上正常运行。
  • 在关闭警报时启用动画效果，请确保添加 .fade 和 .show 类。

你可以通过在线演示来了解这一点：

🌐 You can see this in action with a live demo:

html 
<div class="alert alert-warning alert-dismissible fade show" role="alert">
  <strong>Holy guacamole!</strong> You should check in on some of those fields below.
  <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>

当警报被关闭时，该元素会从页面结构中完全移除。如果键盘用户使用关闭按钮关闭警报，他们的焦点会突然丢失，并且根据浏览器的不同，焦点可能会重置到页面/文档的开头。出于这个原因，我们建议添加额外的 JavaScript 来监听 closed.bs.alert 事件，并以编程方式将 focus() 设置到页面中最合适的位置。如果你计划将焦点移动到通常不会接收焦点的非交互元素，请确保在该元素上添加 tabindex="-1" 。

CSS

变量

🌐 Variables

Added in v5.2.0

作为 Bootstrap 不断发展的 CSS 变量方法的一部分，警报现在在 .alert 上使用本地 CSS 变量，以增强实时自定义。CSS 变量的值通过 Sass 设置，因此仍然支持 Sass 自定义。

🌐 As part of Bootstrap’s evolving CSS variables approach, alerts now use local CSS variables on .alert for enhanced real-time customization. Values for the CSS variables are set via Sass, so Sass customization is still supported, too.

scss/_alert.scss 
--#{$prefix}alert-bg: transparent;
--#{$prefix}alert-padding-x: #{$alert-padding-x};
--#{$prefix}alert-padding-y: #{$alert-padding-y};
--#{$prefix}alert-margin-bottom: #{$alert-margin-bottom};
--#{$prefix}alert-color: inherit;
--#{$prefix}alert-border-color: transparent;
--#{$prefix}alert-border: #{$alert-border-width} solid var(--#{$prefix}alert-border-color);
--#{$prefix}alert-border-radius: #{$alert-border-radius};
--#{$prefix}alert-link-color: inherit;

Sass 变量

🌐 Sass variables

scss/_variables.scss 
$alert-padding-y:               $spacer;
$alert-padding-x:               $spacer;
$alert-margin-bottom:           1rem;
$alert-border-radius:           var(--#{$prefix}border-radius);
$alert-link-font-weight:        $font-weight-bold;
$alert-border-width:            var(--#{$prefix}border-width);
$alert-dismissible-padding-r:   $alert-padding-x * 3; // 3x covers width of x plus default padding on either side

Sass 混入

🌐 Sass mixins

Deprecated in v5.3.0
scss/mixins/_alert.scss 
@mixin alert-variant($background, $border, $color) {
  --#{$prefix}alert-color: #{$color};
  --#{$prefix}alert-bg: #{$background};
  --#{$prefix}alert-border-color: #{$border};
  --#{$prefix}alert-link-color: #{shade-color($color, 20%)};

  @if $enable-gradients {
    background-image: var(--#{$prefix}gradient);
  }

  .alert-link {
    color: var(--#{$prefix}alert-link-color);
  }
}

Sass 循环

🌐 Sass loops

循环生成带有覆盖 CSS 变量的修饰符类。

🌐 Loop that generates the modifier classes with an overriding of CSS variables.

scss/_alert.scss 
// Generate contextual modifier classes for colorizing the alert
@each $state in map-keys($theme-colors) {
  .alert-#{$state} {
    --#{$prefix}alert-color: var(--#{$prefix}#{$state}-text-emphasis);
    --#{$prefix}alert-bg: var(--#{$prefix}#{$state}-bg-subtle);
    --#{$prefix}alert-border-color: var(--#{$prefix}#{$state}-border-subtle);
    --#{$prefix}alert-link-color: var(--#{$prefix}#{$state}-text-emphasis);
  }
}

JavaScript 行为

🌐 JavaScript behavior

初始化

🌐 Initialize

将元素初始化为警报

🌐 Initialize elements as alerts

const alertList = document.querySelectorAll('.alert')
const alerts = [...alertList].map(element => new bootstrap.Alert(element))

仅为了取消警报，并不需要通过 JS API 手动初始化组件。通过使用 data-bs-dismiss="alert"，组件将被自动初始化并正确取消。

有关更多详情，请参阅触发器部分。

触发器

🌐 Triggers

Dismissal can be achieved with the data-bs-dismiss attribute on a button within the alert as demonstrated below: 

<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>

or on a button outside the alert using the additional data-bs-target as demonstrated below: 

<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" data-bs-target="#my-alert" aria-label="Close"></button>

请注意，关闭警报将会将其从 DOM 中移除。

方法

🌐 Methods

你可以使用警报构造函数创建警报实例，例如：

🌐 You can create an alert instance with the alert constructor, for example:

const bsAlert = new bootstrap.Alert('#myAlert')

这使得一个警报监听具有 data-bs-dismiss="alert" 属性的子元素上的点击事件。（在使用 data-api 的自动初始化时不必要。）

🌐 This makes an alert listen for click events on descendant elements which have the data-bs-dismiss="alert" attribute. (Not necessary when using the data-api’s auto-initialization.)

方法描述
close通过从 DOM 中移除警告来关闭警告。如果元素上存在 .fade 和 .show 类，则警告将在移除之前淡出。
dispose销毁元素的警告。（移除 DOM 元素上的存储数据）
getInstance静态方法，可让你获取与 DOM 元素关联的警告实例。例如：bootstrap.Alert.getInstance(alert)。
getOrCreateInstance静态方法，返回与 DOM 元素关联的警告实例，或者在未初始化时创建一个新的实例。你可以这样使用它：bootstrap.Alert.getOrCreateInstance(element)。

基本用法：

🌐 Basic usage:

const alert = bootstrap.Alert.getOrCreateInstance('#myAlert')
alert.close()

事件

🌐 Events

Bootstrap 的 alert 插件公开了一些用于挂载 alert 功能的事件。

🌐 Bootstrap’s alert plugin exposes a few events for hooking into alert functionality.

事件描述
close.bs.alert当调用 close 实例方法时立即触发。
closed.bs.alert当警报已关闭且 CSS 过渡完成时触发。
const myAlert = document.getElementById('myAlert')
myAlert.addEventListener('closed.bs.alert', event => {
  // do something, for instance, explicitly move focus to the most appropriate element,
  // so it doesn’t get lost/reset to the start of the page
  // document.getElementById('...').focus()
})