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布局

使用我们的表单布局选项为你的表单提供一些结构 - 从内联到水平到自定义网格实现。

目录

表单

🌐 Forms

每组表单字段都应位于 <form> 元素中。Bootstrap 对 <form> 元素没有提供默认样式，但有一些强大的浏览器功能是默认提供的。

🌐 Every group of form fields should reside in a <form> element. Bootstrap provides no default styling for the <form> element, but there are some powerful browser features that are provided by default.

  • 刚接触浏览器表单？可以考虑查看 MDN 表单文档 以获取概览和完整的可用属性列表。
  • <form> 中的 <button> 默认为 type="submit"，所以尽量具体，并始终包含 type。

由于 Bootstrap 将 display: block 和 width: 100% 应用于我们几乎所有的表单控件，因此表单默认会垂直堆叠。可以使用额外的类来在每个表单的基础上改变此布局。

🌐 Since Bootstrap applies display: block and width: 100% to almost all our form controls, forms will by default stack vertically. Additional classes can be used to vary this layout on a per-form basis.

实用工具

🌐 Utilities

边距工具 是为表单添加一些结构的最简单方式。它们提供标签、控件、可选表单文本以及表单验证消息的基本分组。我们建议坚持使用 margin-bottom 工具，并在整个表单中使用单一方向以保持一致性。

可以随意构建你的表单，无论是使用 <fieldset>、<div>，还是几乎任何其他元素。

🌐 Feel free to build your forms however you like, with <fieldset>s, <div>s, or nearly any other element.

html 
<div class="mb-3">
  <label for="formGroupExampleInput" class="form-label">Example label</label>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="formGroupExampleInput" placeholder="Example input placeholder">
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
  <label for="formGroupExampleInput2" class="form-label">Another label</label>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="formGroupExampleInput2" placeholder="Another input placeholder">
</div>

表单网格

🌐 Form grid

可以使用我们的网格类构建更复杂的表单。将它们用于需要多列、不同宽度和额外对齐选项的表单布局。需要启用 $enable-grid-classes Sass 变量（默认启用）。

🌐 More complex forms can be built using our grid classes. Use these for form layouts that require multiple columns, varied widths, and additional alignment options. Requires the $enable-grid-classes Sass variable to be enabled (on by default).

html 
<div class="row">
  <div class="col">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="First name" aria-label="First name">
  </div>
  <div class="col">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Last name" aria-label="Last name">
  </div>
</div>

装订线

🌐 Gutters

通过添加 gutter modifier classes，你可以控制行内和块方向的间隙宽度。还需要启用 $enable-grid-classes Sass 变量（默认启用）。

🌐 By adding gutter modifier classes, you can have control over the gutter width in as well the inline as block direction. Also requires the $enable-grid-classes Sass variable to be enabled (on by default).

html 
<div class="row g-3">
  <div class="col">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="First name" aria-label="First name">
  </div>
  <div class="col">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Last name" aria-label="Last name">
  </div>
</div>

还可以使用网格系统创建更复杂的布局。

🌐 More complex layouts can also be created with the grid system.

html 
<form class="row g-3">
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="inputEmail4" class="form-label">Email</label>
    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail4">
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="inputPassword4" class="form-label">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword4">
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <label for="inputAddress" class="form-label">Address</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress" placeholder="1234 Main St">
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <label for="inputAddress2" class="form-label">Address 2</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress2" placeholder="Apartment, studio, or floor">
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="inputCity" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputCity">
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="inputState" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select id="inputState" class="form-select">
      <option selected>Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-2">
    <label for="inputZip" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputZip">
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck">
      <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck">
        Check me out
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
  </div>
</form>

水平表单

🌐 Horizontal form

通过向表单组添加 .row 类，并使用 .col-*-* 类来指定标签和控件的宽度，从而使用网格创建水平表单。确保还要向你的 <label> 添加 .col-form-label，这样它们就可以与其关联的表单控件垂直居中。

🌐 Create horizontal forms with the grid by adding the .row class to form groups and using the .col-*-* classes to specify the width of your labels and controls. Be sure to add .col-form-label to your <label>s as well so they’re vertically centered with their associated form controls.

有时，你可能需要使用边距或内边距工具来创建你需要的完美对齐。例如，我们已经在堆叠的单选按钮输入标签上移除了 padding-top，以更好地对齐文本基线。

🌐 At times, you maybe need to use margin or padding utilities to create that perfect alignment you need. For example, we’ve removed the padding-top on our stacked radio inputs label to better align the text baseline.

Radios
html 
<form>
  <div class="row mb-3">
    <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row mb-3">
    <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3">
    </div>
  </div>
  <fieldset class="row mb-3">
    <legend class="col-form-label col-sm-2 pt-0">Radios</legend>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <div class="form-check">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios1" value="option1" checked>
        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios1">
          First radio
        </label>
      </div>
      <div class="form-check">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios2" value="option2">
        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios2">
          Second radio
        </label>
      </div>
      <div class="form-check disabled">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios3" value="option3" disabled>
        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios3">
          Third disabled radio
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
  </fieldset>
  <div class="row mb-3">
    <div class="col-sm-10 offset-sm-2">
      <div class="form-check">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck1">
        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck1">
          Example checkbox
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
</form>

水平表单标签尺寸

🌐 Horizontal form label sizing

请务必将 .col-form-label-sm 或 .col-form-label-lg 用于你的 <label> 或 <legend>，以正确遵循 .form-control-lg 和 .form-control-sm 的尺寸。

🌐 Be sure to use .col-form-label-sm or .col-form-label-lg to your <label>s or <legend>s to correctly follow the size of .form-control-lg and .form-control-sm.

html 
<div class="row mb-3">
  <label for="colFormLabelSm" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-sm">Email</label>
  <div class="col-sm-10">
    <input type="email" class="form-control form-control-sm" id="colFormLabelSm" placeholder="col-form-label-sm">
  </div>
</div>
<div class="row mb-3">
  <label for="colFormLabel" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
  <div class="col-sm-10">
    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="colFormLabel" placeholder="col-form-label">
  </div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <label for="colFormLabelLg" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-lg">Email</label>
  <div class="col-sm-10">
    <input type="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="colFormLabelLg" placeholder="col-form-label-lg">
  </div>
</div>

色谱柱尺寸调整

🌐 Column sizing

如前面的示例所示，我们的网格系统允许你在 .row 中放置任意数量的 .col。它们会将可用宽度在它们之间平均分配。你还可以选择部分列占用更多或更少的空间，而剩余的 .col 则平均分配剩余空间，可以使用像 .col-sm-7 这样的特定列类。

🌐 As shown in the previous examples, our grid system allows you to place any number of .cols within a .row. They’ll split the available width equally between them. You may also pick a subset of your columns to take up more or less space, while the remaining .cols equally split the rest, with specific column classes like .col-sm-7.

html 
<div class="row g-3">
  <div class="col-sm-7">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="City" aria-label="City">
  </div>
  <div class="col-sm">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="State" aria-label="State">
  </div>
  <div class="col-sm">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Zip" aria-label="Zip">
  </div>
</div>

自动调整大小

🌐 Auto-sizing

下面的示例使用 flexbox 工具将内容垂直居中，并将 .col 改为 .col-auto，这样你的列只占用必要的空间。换句话说，列的大小是根据内容而定的。

🌐 The example below uses a flexbox utility to vertically center the contents and changes .col to .col-auto so that your columns only take up as much space as needed. Put another way, the column sizes itself based on the contents.

@
html 
<form class="row gy-2 gx-3 align-items-center">
  <div class="col-auto">
    <label class="visually-hidden" for="autoSizingInput">Name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="autoSizingInput" placeholder="Jane Doe">
  </div>
  <div class="col-auto">
    <label class="visually-hidden" for="autoSizingInputGroup">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group">
      <div class="input-group-text">@</div>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="autoSizingInputGroup" placeholder="Username">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-auto">
    <label class="visually-hidden" for="autoSizingSelect">Preference</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="autoSizingSelect">
      <option selected>Choose...</option>
      <option value="1">One</option>
      <option value="2">Two</option>
      <option value="3">Three</option>
    </select>
  </div>
  <div class="col-auto">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="autoSizingCheck">
      <label class="form-check-label" for="autoSizingCheck">
        Remember me
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-auto">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
  </div>
</form>

然后，你可以再次将其与特定于大小的列类重新混合。

🌐 You can then remix that once again with size-specific column classes.

@
html 
<form class="row gx-3 gy-2 align-items-center">
  <div class="col-sm-3">
    <label class="visually-hidden" for="specificSizeInputName">Name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="specificSizeInputName" placeholder="Jane Doe">
  </div>
  <div class="col-sm-3">
    <label class="visually-hidden" for="specificSizeInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group">
      <div class="input-group-text">@</div>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="specificSizeInputGroupUsername" placeholder="Username">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-sm-3">
    <label class="visually-hidden" for="specificSizeSelect">Preference</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="specificSizeSelect">
      <option selected>Choose...</option>
      <option value="1">One</option>
      <option value="2">Two</option>
      <option value="3">Three</option>
    </select>
  </div>
  <div class="col-auto">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="autoSizingCheck2">
      <label class="form-check-label" for="autoSizingCheck2">
        Remember me
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-auto">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
  </div>
</form>

内嵌表单

🌐 Inline forms

使用 .row-cols-* 类来创建响应式水平布局。通过添加 间距修饰类，我们将在水平和垂直方向上产生间距。在狭窄的移动视口上，.col-12 有助于将表单控件等堆叠起来。.align-items-center 将表单元素对齐到中间，使 .form-check 正确对齐。

🌐 Use the .row-cols-* classes to create responsive horizontal layouts. By adding gutter modifier classes, we'll have gutters in horizontal and vertical directions. On narrow mobile viewports, the .col-12 helps stack the form controls and more. The .align-items-center aligns the form elements to the middle, making the .form-check align properly.

@
html 
<form class="row row-cols-lg-auto g-3 align-items-center">
  <div class="col-12">
    <label class="visually-hidden" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group">
      <div class="input-group-text">@</div>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername" placeholder="Username">
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="col-12">
    <label class="visually-hidden" for="inlineFormSelectPref">偏好</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="inlineFormSelectPref">
      <option selected>选择...</option>
      <option value="1">一</option>
      <option value="2">二</option>
      <option value="3">三</option>
    </select>
  </div>

  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineFormCheck">
      <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineFormCheck">
        记得我
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="col-12">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提交</button>
  </div>
</form>